In today's construction activity the use of flat slab is quite common which enhances the weight reduction, speed up construction, and economical. Similarly from the beginning conventional slab has got place in providing features like more stiffness, higher load carrying capacity, safe and economical also. For analysis material properties like grade of concrete steel, density, modulus of elasticity, must be defined initially and also various loads like dead load, live load, SDL. In this present work direct approach is adopted for manual design of flat slab and check for punching shear using software. Flat slabs are more vulnerable to punching shear because of absence of beam. Analysis of flat and conventional slab structures has been done using ETABS software.
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Post-tensioning is a method of reinforcing (strengthening) concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands or bars, typically referred to as tendons. Post-tensioned construction is used more and more in industry today because of their advantages. Use of post tensioned flat slab is now a day becoming cost effective solution for improve seismic performance of construction industry. This research paper is focused on post tensioned slab with or without drop and flat slab. In this paper, an attempt has been made to parametric study of Post-Tensioned Flat slab with or without drop and r.c.c flat slab for different panel size. These types of slab have been analysed and designed by Etabs and ADAPT_pt@2012 software, for the different span (6m to 10m) which are the most common spans used in practices. Keywords: R.C.C, Post Tensioned, Flat slab with or without drop, Strengthening and Concrete, Rate analysis per sq m, Etabs and ADAPT_pt@2012 software
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The main objective of this thesis is to study replacement of concrete by bricks. In reinforced concrete slabs strength of concrete lying the neutral axis [just above and below] is not fully utilized. So near the neutral axis as well as in tension zone concrete has been replaced by bricks in order to reduced weight and cost of slabs.An experimental program is conducted on six simply supported concrete slabs. All six slabs cast in two different groups and every group having three slabs. The first group of slabs are of reinforced concrete slabs and second group of slabs are of brick composite slabs. Both groups of slabs compare with each other.The deflection (in mm) readings are taken with the help of dial gauges. The dial gauges are at position of 300mm far from centre of the slab on the right hand and 300mm far from the centre of the slab on the left hand on both side and one dial gauge is placed at the centre of the slab. The total no. of dial gauges are used throughout the study is five (5).The relationship between load and mid-span deflection are being drawn.
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Flat slabs system of construction is one in which the beams used in the conventional methods of constructions are done away with. The slab directly rests on the column and load from the slab is directly transferred to the columns and then to the foundation. Comparison of flat slab with drop, flat slab without drop and grid slab for its behaviour during earthquake and after earthquake should be help to choose the slab for long span or long panel of slab. This comparison is also help to get or find out more economical slab for long span or long panel. Main object or aim of this comparison is to use this result in future to get more economical and more strengthen slab for long span or long panel. In this project a humble attempt is made to comparative study of Flat slab with drop, flat slab without drop and grid slab for same span and same panel size. These types of Slab have been analysed and designed by ETABS software. Keywords: R.C.C, Flat slab with or without drop, strengthening and Concrete, Rate analysis per sq m, Etabs software.
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Steel-concrete composite constructions in Bangladesh are nowadays very popular owing to their advantages over conventional concrete and steel constructions. Concrete structures are massive and allot more seismic weight and less deflection whereas steel structures instruct more deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake and wind forces. Composite construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete along with lesser cost, speedy construction, fire protection etc. The objective of this study was to analysis and design ground floor plus 19 storied R.C.C, Steel and Composite (steel-concrete) multi-storied parking structure's frame of same plan using ETABS 2013 software and compare their structural parameters with estimated cost for required material. All frames are designed for same gravity and dynamic loadings. The RCC deck-slab is used in steel and composite frame. Beam and column sections are made of RCC, steel or steel-concrete composite sections. The composite construction option provided about 25 % and 18% less cost when compared to RCC and steel structure, respectively. Comparative study concludes that the composite frames are best suited among all the three types of constructions in terms of material cost and benefit added with better structural behaviour.
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Flat slab are usually preferred floor system for tall buildings as they result in reduction in floor heights. The flat slabs without drop panel and column head are called as flat plates. The design of tall buildings is usually governed by the lateral loads imposed on the structure. The main disadvantage of flat slabs and flat plates is their lack of resistance to lateral loads, such as those due to wind forces and earthquakes. In the present study tall building with reinforced concrete flat slab floor system is compared with pre-stressed concrete flat slab floor system under lateral forces. A 30 storied tall building with a flat plate floor of size of 30m x 24m and having a panel size 6m x 6m is studied for wind forces. These slabs are design as reinforced concrete as well as pre-stressed (post tensioning) concrete flat slabs as per Indian standard codes and analysed in software SAP2000. The analysis and design results of reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete flat plates are compared to evaluate the performance of the tall building in resisting the lateral wind forces.
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Reinforced Concrete building structures are stretching their arms in the vertical direction with the growing demand of urban population. Plan dimensions have limited scope of expansion; hence it is obvious that the high-rise structures are getting popular among the designers round the word. This selection is also getting reinforced due to the invention of high strength materials, improved workmanship, excellent superior real-time model analysis data and several high efficient finite element analytical and design software packages, such as Staad Pro, ETABS, and SAP2000 etc. STAAD and ETABS both of the software are well equipped and very much capable of handling different shape of the structures, static and dynamic loadings and different material properties. In the present paper analysis of a G+10 storied building having a very simple plan dimension in both STAAD Pro and ETABS is carried out. The present study is mainly limited to the basic comparison between their analytical results under vertical loadings. The study then further extended and horizontal load is applied and the plan position of lift wall (shear wall) is optimized in terms of developed horizontal base shear at different support positions. Among different plan positions, it was found that the model with a centrally placed shear wall is most efficient in terms of handling the base shear.
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In the world of technology and evolution, the field of civil engineering has also grown in various dimensions. Earlier the analysis and sustainability of the civil structures used to be paper based calculations which led to insufficient accuracy of analysis and variable factors affecting the failure of the structure through inevitable instances. But with the help of integration of various engineering fields, this determination of various characteristic changes, durability, deformation or failure caused due to hidden factors which are left out in the manual calculations i.e. paper based have converted and led this system to whole new level. Now a number of software are developed for analysis, computation and management of building of civil structures which are highly precise. This document provides the various uses, merits of the software E-Tabs in the construction field and in the analysis of the concrete structures as well as steel structures.
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It has been asserted in literature that the understanding of the software used today is the urgent necessity of the moment in order to match the pace of infrastructural development. This study is undertaken with the objective of checking the comptability of results obtained for the design of basic structural elements of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) using popularly used software STAAD Pro, ETABS and SAP-2000.For this purpose the design results of most commonly used software are validated with manual design by Indian standards to gain the confidence of the users. The basic elements of structures such as beams, column and a simple frame have been discussed. The results for analysis of shear force and bending moment of beams and columns are comparable in all the cases except for the frame when STAAD Pro, ETABS and SAP-2000 are used. For all elements the results obtained from software differed significantly from the results obtained through manual calculations using Kani's method. The design of a simple building in the earlier times used to take at least a week. However, the design of complicated structures can now be done within a week's time and with more accuracy using a host of software available in the market. Subramanian N. [1] is of the opinion that these software should be regarded as mere tools in the hand of structural engineer. Designer should be aware of any assumptions used and limitations of the programs in the software. Subramanian N. [1] further put the example that some computer programs ignore compression steel when maximum allowable reinforcement in a concrete beam is determined resulting into a larger section. A hard fact which the society faces today is that many of the fresh graduates have not even approached to the design software used in market during their study. Therefore, these engineers have no other option but are bound to blindly accept the results given by the computers. Naghipour-et-al [2] used finite element program ETABS software to find the location of plastic hinge away from the joint location in eccentrically braced frame in 4, 7 and 10 story building. Sharma-et-al [3] studied a 3D framed RC using pushover analysis by increasing the load in small increment till failure with the help of software. They devised failure modes for the beam, column and joint. His study helped the engineers to focus on the weak points of structures to be taken care while designing a structure. Azam and Hosur [4] used ETABS software studied the provision of shear wall placed symmetrically in the building using elastic analysis for strength, stiffness and damping to make building safer. Attempts have, however, started to verify and gain confidence for the validity of various software. Prashanth-et-al [5] compared these software and concluded that area of steel required by using ETABS was less. Hu-et-al [6] studied the response spectrum, time history and linking slab in plan using software SAP-2000, ETABS, MIDAS/GEN and SATWE software for a multistory. He concluded that ETABS is more suitable for regular buildings where as SAP-2000 is more suited to space structures, oblique column and gymnasiums. Al-Tamimi-et-al[7] compared the different construction material in three buildings using software ETABS, SAFE and ACI 365 to find the most reliable and beneficial material to be used for the structures. Kumar-et-al [8] studied the building on sloping ground using software ETABS and SAP-2000. They considered seismic forces as per I.S:1893-2002 and stressed the need for proper designing of structure on sloping ground. Sabeer and Peera [9] compared the results obtained from STAAD Pro and ETABS for a RCC building subjected to lateral and vertical loads and concluded that both software provided different results whereas the difference had not been significant. Rana [10] compared the different aspects of a component design of a building using different software STAAD Pro, STRUDS and ETABS software. He concluded that the ETABS
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